One Nation Under Corn Free Essays

A position paper done in fall of 2012 on the reason and influence of the industrialized corn crop. I settled regarding this matter after my own fight with ailment. This fight, wound up changing my eating routine, and my life for reasons unknown. We will compose a custom paper test on One Nation Under Corn? or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now I have totally expelled any corn gotten item from my life (all-be-it troublesome now and then) and am an advocate of a simply natural vegan diet. One Nation Under Corn? Chad Cribb DeVry University One Nation Under Corn One of the numerous opportunities we appreciate in this extraordinary nation is the opportunity to pick what you will eat and when you will eat it. Pull up to your preferred cheap food burger eatery, and little idea goes into the whole procedure. From the drive there, to the requesting of your food, and the bundling they are contained in. At the point when we ponder it, as Michael Pollan did in his book, â€Å"The Omnivore’s Dilemma†, there is a ton all the more going on. Pollan jumps profound into the core of our nation’s interest with the corn harvest and its numerous employments. Corn began as a harvest developed to take care of its kin. Be that as it may, nowadays, almost no is really eaten. Corn has gotten a monster in the food business, at a low value; thanks partially to the administration help. We began this country as one situated on a basic level and in the quest for freedom†¦. furthermore, presently it seems†¦ corn. In any case, who is the genuine recipient of this corn crop? What's more, similarly as important†¦who are the washouts? Corn has been around since written history and has assumed a significant job in exchange and numerous mind boggling social orders. Corn’s spread over the globe started after contact between the European pilgrim powers and indigenous people groups of North and South America. It proceeded to Africa during the slave exchanges and was utilized to really pay for them. What’s more, it was a wellspring of intensity for the African brokers engaged with the slave exchange. Quick forward now to the 1940’s and 1950’s as corn and corn based nourishments got critical in the agribusiness market to support military soldiers during the war. It was after the war that America saw a colossal excess in corn yield mostly because of the new half and half seeds and manures that had as of late been made. This overflow dramatically affected the market and the market costs. It was these costs, throughout the years that caused unusual value swings (Wise 2005-9). As our populace has progressively developed through the years, our requirement for more food has expanded alongside it. The extremity between the two was uneven and by utilizing the free market approach, ranchers routinely had blasts and busts in the market. Making ranchers the objective of proceeded and expanding discouraged costs in their harvest. The administration before long stepped in with â€Å"The New Deal†, so as to carry gracefully into line with request, a methodology known as â€Å"supply management† utilizing protection set-asides, a value floor ensuring a reasonable value (like having a lowest pay permitted by law), and a grain save to manage overproduction. What was not generally known, it shows up, is the corporate-world started campaigning for a free market approach once more. Starting in the 1970’s, they utilized the World Food Crisis and the Russian Wheat Deal to approve their contention to government. Coupling that with the idea of â€Å"getting government out of agriculture†. The consequence of that was that costs fallen by the late 1990’s and the administration needed to rescue ranchers with millions in crisis sponsorship installments. Costs totally crumbled not long after the 1996 Freedom to Farm Act, causing costly citizen bailouts. By 2000, sponsorships gave 49% of farmers’ overall gain. This has assisted the corn business with comprising 95% of all food grain created in America (USDA 2010). The government’s all around proposed way to deal with assistance â€Å"prop up† the business, truth be told, made a market reliant on the very endowments that were made to support it. Somewhere in the range of 1995 and 2006, the administration paid out $56 billion in corn appropriations (Wise 2005-12). What’s more, it makes a market imposing business model. With just 3 organizations controlling 90% of the corn showcase, 2 organizations controlling the corn seed market, and 4 organizations controlling the high fructose corn syrup industry, the appropriate response ought to be clear. Yet, as Pollan calls attention to, â€Å"It’s not about who is benefitting, yet rather who is suffering† (Pollan 2006). The vast majority of what we find in the news is the accentuation set in the hardships of the rancher, to serve the shopper. In any case, is it actually the customer who benefits? On the off chance that the cost of food per calorie is the enchantment count, at that point the appropriate response is yes. Yet, on the off chance that the normal weight per individual is, at that point the appropriate response is no. As the corn business detonated and the quantity of organizations shrank, corn started another change into different pieces of the food business and then some. This came as high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), fuel added substances, plastics, and dairy cattle feed to give some examples. Dairy cattle feed presently incorporates over half of the industrialized corn created in America (Wise 2005-11). The expansion of this has made the unending cycle that has plagued the business, and also, the rural approach that influences it. The overproduction of corn has prompted an overconsumption of corn; for the most part in a circuitous way. America’s horticulture and global exchange strategies have made a domain that breeds imposing business models and defilement. Huge business lobbyist has grabbed hold in an industry that puts stock in the â€Å"bottom line†. This way of thinking has crushed out the once well known sugar stick, and introduced the less expensive, effectively delivered, HFCS for its items. Since the legislature has set such a significant number of impetuses on the creation of corn, other progressively solid yields have been deserted. Harvests like organic products, vegetables, and entire grains have immediately become a relic of times gone by. The connection among government and business has become as undesirable as the populace expending the items they produce. At a certain point, it nearly appears as though the business needed the market to crash and the legislature to step in. One would inquire as to why anybody would need that. Since sponsoring the mechanical yield guarantees it remains at a modest cost for one. Besides, the partnerships who purchase corn to transform into high fructose corn syrup (utilized in pretty much every food item) or as feed for domesticated animals, or ethanol for vehicles activities have benefitted by the billions. Thirdly, the corporate union of our food framework as entirety. At the point when you consider it, it comes to through banks, seeds, manures, grain merchants, food processors, producing plant, to retailing. Walsh says, â€Å"This kind f uncompetitive market crushes the rancher on both sides† (Walsh-2009). This idea appears to put a great deal of fault on the appropriations themselves. My conflict is that appropriations are not the issue with our food framework, yet just a result of a wrecked framework. To fix the ranch strategy, lawmakers should initially have an away from of who wins and who loses under the cu rrent framework and why. Likewise, the high duties set on sugar stick should be cut back to take into account balance in the market. Be that as it may, this is a prime case of how the government’s aim to help has unexpected outcomes. I accept that the foundation of our difficult today is the â€Å"clinging† to a free market food framework. One that permits items like corn to be valued so low that would permit enormous business to create restraining infrastructures over ranchers and corn while procuring gigantic benefits in light of modest corn. America currently spends less of our salary on food than some other age ever (Pollan-2002). At the point when you take a gander at it in context, the farming our grandparents helped manufacture was presently developing inexpensive food. This influencing our wallets, farmlands, and waistline. Some may state that our waistline and pace of ailment are because of lethargy and different variables. I oppose this idea. I accept they are an immediate connection to modest, handled food made by modest, industrialized corn. With the end goal for us to diminish the utilization of corn, the administration needs to stop its sponsoring of it. This will complete two things. One, it let the business sectors modify themselves at a rate that makes reliance on itself as opposed to help. Two, fix the capacity of lobbyist to influence change in farming and government strategy that expansion advantages to the not many. The main concern here is this; large business harvests benefits to the detriment of the rancher. What's more, the shopper? Well†¦. we are simply view it appears in this extraordinary control of industrialized food industry. What's more, from my perspective; in an economy where each dollar tallies, doesn’t it bode well for the legislature to cling to theirs? Pollan, Michael. The Omnivore’s Dilemma. â€Å"A Natural History of Four Meals†. April 2006 This notable book has been called a â€Å"eater’s manifesto† by pundits and companions the same. Pollan, Michael. What’s America Eating? Smithsonian, June 2006. Recovered on October 4, 2012 http://michaelpollan. om/articles-chronicle/whats-eating-america/An article, composed with an ordered touch, that takes peruser from â€Å"soup-to-nuts† on the historical backdrop of corn and how it came to western America. Pollan, Michael. At the point when Crop Becomes King. NY Times. July 2002. Rec overed on October 1, 2012 http://www. organicconsumers. organization/poisonous/toomuchcorn071902. cfm An article written in a manner that is effortlessly comprehended for most. This article depicts Zea Mays (unique term) from Central America to what we realize today as corn Walsh, Bryan. â€Å"Getting Real About the High Price of Cheap Corn†. Time Magazine. August 21, 2009. http://www. time. com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1917726-2,00. html Walsh is a senior essayist

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Synopsis - Essay Example Indeed, even in the mid twenty first century there was just a negligible utilization of the web and that was for the most part through commercials and control of basic pursuit forms. These strategies had the benefit of being natural to everybody, and they could without much of a stretch be observed to create hard statistical data points which permitted organizations to quantify the adequacy of their showcasing and their appraisals with people in general. It is generally announced that the entirety of this has changed since internet based life have assumed control over the world. The creators see that customary media like TV are as yet well known, however they are being influenced when that shoppers spend on progressively intuitive media, for example, twitter. The size of the move towards online networking is huge, however considerably additionally hitting is the speed with which this change has occurred. Indeed, even inside the last a few years there have been monstrous changes in th e rate portion of customary and web based life with regards to drawing in shopper consideration. Incomprehensibly the creators find in these cutting edge drifts an arrival to one of the fundamental facts about showcasing, to be specific that verbal sells items more viably than huge spending publicizing. Online life open up another direct in which antiquated informal exchange can thrive again. This is an energizing reality for some organizations and obviously Name: ID participating in discourse with clients online will be a basic fixing in showcasing later on. There are a couple of expressions of caution from the two creators, be that as it may. The primary admonition to make reference to is the way that web based life can't accomplish the entirety of very similar things that conventional showcasing efforts used to do. For a beginning it is hard to foresee how a discussion with the open will go, as a result of the intuitive idea of the correspondence. An organization can control firm ly the entirety of the pictures and messages which are distributed with the organization logo in magazines or on TV. This isn't so in web based life, on the grounds that the customers may respond well or seriously to an item, and they can reverse the situation on an advertising proficient by taking part in crusades of their own. This can work in the company’s favor if the message is certain, yet it can cause untold reputational harm if the customers condemn or criticize the item. The issue with internet based life is one of control: an organization can't practice especially control about what is said about their items. Another point to recollect is that online life has not swapped progressively customary roads for showcasing. It is an extra channel, and it fits specific portions of the market. The speed of its usage can likewise offer organizations a chance to step in and impact the way that a press story or showcasing effort is going. A few people have contended that it onli ne life are allowed to utilize, and that this implies an informal battle can be a financially savvy choice. Truly, anyway there are very critical concealed expenses in the activity of advertising exercises on the web, for example, the need to have continued and learned staff contribution nonstop. Informal exchange can have a quick and noteworthy impact on deals. This sounds alluring, however it must be recalled that the deals can go down or up, contingent upon the sort of messages that are being sent Name: ID over the web. The creators bring up additionally that there are a few

Top Chrome Tips Tricks You Might Not Know About

Top Chrome Tips Tricks You Might Not Know About Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Top Chrome Tips Tricks You Might Not Know AboutUpdated On 15/06/2019Author : Ram kumarTopic : Tips and tricksShort URL : https://hbb.me/2WIDugq CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogA browser is like a magical gateway to the multidimensional world of the internet. In other words, it is a sophisticated program (almost an operating system in its right), which enables you to open hundreds of websites at a time from your devices and enjoy wide-ranging digital content on end. Now, there are multiple web browsers available in the market these days, but the top ranking one is your very own ‘Google Chrome’, having a 60.01% market share, according to the stats gathered on W3Counter. You might already be familiar with this web browserâ€"given its famous versatility, universality and the pleasantness of its user interface. However, there are many quirks about Chrome which aren’ t still in the open, and which can optimize your entire experience. Check out the top tips and tricks below, and let me know which ones you like the best.Deactivate Video AutoPlayDon’t you simply hate it when you open a webpage for researching something serious and the embedded videos suddenly start playing, snapping you out of your trance? Well, there is a feature in Chrome that can help you deactivate this annoying gimmick. All you have to do is this: Head to the address bar and type “chrome://flags”. A page of ‘Experiments’ will open. There, in the Search Box, type your ‘autoplay’ query. The results will show you the ‘AutoPlay Policy’ flag. Click the ‘Document user activation is required’ from the dropdown menu and relaunch the browser. Ta-Da!Cast your Browser ScreenSuppose you’re streaming S08 of ‘Game of Thrones’ from HULU on your laptop. The popcorns are ready and the network speeds, courtesy of Local Cable Deals, look promising. Suddenly, your gal pals show up, and now the affair calls for large-scale screening. You ready your 62” HDTV and Chromecast the episode from your laptop on the TV, using the super-easy and wireless ‘Cast’ solution offered by your browser. Yes, with a simple right-click anywhere on the page, you can activate the built-in ‘Cast’ feature and enjoy your favorite series without the slightest hassle.Utilize Auto-Fill FunctionalityCompleting forms, in general, can be an exhausting process. You enter this piece of information, then that, repeatedly, until the blanks run out. The worst happens when the webpage freezes over and refreshes, asking you to fill everything again which you literally just spent hours on doing. Frustrating, isn’t it? Lucky for you, Google Chrome’s Auto-Fill feature takes this trouble away by filling information for you automatically, as the name suggests. You can activate it by clicking on the three-dot option in the top right corner of the browser page, going to Settings Show Advanced Settings Manage Autofill Settings Add new street address OK.READClear Site Specific Cache in Browsers EasilySearch Extensively via Address BarWhether you wish to locate something in a website, or in your Gmail messages, or even in your Google Docs without having to actually open any of them, then there is an address bar shortcut in Chrome, which will allow you to do that. Simply right-click on the address bar and select ‘Edit search engines’. From there you’ll be directed to a ‘Manage search engines’ screen. Scroll down to ‘Other search engines’ and click ‘Add’. In the newly opened window, type the name for the ‘Search engine’ (e.g. Gmail), enter a ‘Keyword’ for quick-search (e.g. gm), copy-paste the ‘URL with %s in place of the query’ and then finally hit ‘Add’. The next time you type ‘gm’ in the address bar, all you’d have to do is press TAB and enter your search term for getting the required results. Without having to go through the tiresome process of first opening the site and then scrolling it down.Disable the Annoying Site NotificationsAllowing websites to send you notifications of new posts via Chrome is a great way to keep yourself updated about the latest info. However, this permission can quickly turn sideways if the websites start spamming your desktop screen with a huge number of pop-ups as you close your browser. Then, it’ll just be nightmarishly annoying. So, what can you do about it? Luckily, Chrome enables you block these notifications quite easily. Simply head to the browser’s Settings Advanced Settings Privacy section Content Settings Notifications. From there, either you can disallow ALL sites to send you notifications or you can choose to block a specific number of sites by clicking on the three-dot menu next to the site links. Save Time with Chrome KB ShortcutsWhen you’re late for a deadline, you cannot afford to lose any minutes over tedious processes. Chrome developers understand this need, and thereby offer you a number of quick keyboard shortcuts that you can use to speed things up.Wish to move multiple tabs to a new window? Instead of clicking and dragging one tab after another, simply press the Ctrl key on your keyboard while selecting tabs and move them collectively to a new window without wasting time.Want to switch to the next tab without using the mouse? Press Ctrl + Tab to get the tab on the right and Ctrl + Shift + Tab to get the tab on the left.Open Incognito Mode? Press Ctrl + Shift + N. Retrieve an accidentally closed tab? Press Ctrl + Shift + T. Clear the browsing data page? Press Ctrl + Shift + Delete, etc.So, use the aforementioned tricks to your advantage and optimize your Google Chrome experience right away!

Climate Change Causes And Effects Essay - 1856 Words

Climate change: Climate change is caused mainly by increase of human activity and industrialisation. For example, activities such as driving cars, farming, burning coal and cutting down forests produce greenhouse gases – mainly carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide which are emitted into the atmosphere, which create a layer of greenhouse gases around the earth and trap the sun s heat. The earth over its 4.5 billion-year history has naturally fluctuated from ice ages to extreme droughts, however in the last 10,000 years or so, the climate became much more stable and sustainable for human beings to live. However, in the past 50-100 years, particularly in the 21st century, with increased human activity like agriculture, transportation, etc, green houses gases have increased majorly and have caused extreme events such as increased floods, storms, cyclones, droughts and landslips. The weather is not only warming up but is also becoming much colder in areas in an extremely fast rate. Climate change is occurring worldwide, as it is effecting the earth directly. However, these are areas on Earth that are already feeling the impact of climate change more than others. For example, Satellite measurements have showed that the waters of Australia s Great Barrier Reef have warmed by 0.2 degrees Celsius on average over the past 25 years which have led to a decline in the amount of seafloor covered in coral. A 2012 study published in the journal Proceedings of the NationalShow MoreRelatedCause And Effect Of Climate Change Essay1220 Words   |  5 PagesCause and effects of Climate Change. General purpose: to inform. Specific purpose: After hearing my speech my audience will know what climate change is, what causes it and its effects now and in the future. Thesis Statement: Climate change is a very important issue that affects all of us. Organization pattern: Cause and effect. Introduction: I. (Attention-getter): How do you explain that 30 years ago we had a different weather than today? When you look at yourself in a dirty mirror; can you seeRead MoreCauses And Effects Of Climate Change1706 Words   |  7 PagesDiscuss the causes and effects of climate change. Present any solutions that are relevant to these issues. Probably the most anxious threat to our earth in these two decades is climate change. Climate change refers to any significant change in the measures of climate lasting for an extended period of time. In other saying, climate change includes major changes in temperature, precipitation, or wind patterns, among other effects, that occur over several decades or longer (Epa.gov, 2015). The rateRead MoreClimate Change : Causes And Effects934 Words   |  4 Pages Climate Change Paper Kaitlyn Yinger 4-17-15 Erin Reese Biology 122: 10:30-12:45 Climate Change What really causes climate change? Is it human cause or is a natural process that is happening? I think that us as humans contribute more to climate change then natural causes. Human Causes Humans affect climate change in different ways, three main ways that humans caused climate change is deforestation, greenhouse gases and Agriculture. Deforestation causes change to the landscapeRead MoreThe Causes And Effects Of Climate Change1084 Words   |  5 PagesAs a result of climate change, natural disaster has increased extremely, especially droughts and floods around the world. In the past several years, it can be seen that various news concerned critical climate variability and extreme weather. For instance, the United States Department of Agriculture (2013) pointed out that the US agricultural land suffered from drought about 80 percent in 2012, while BBC (2015) reported that one of four districts in Myanmar, which were warned of flooding caused byRead MoreCauses And Effects Of Climate Change Essay1260 Words   |  6 PagesCommunication 11, Section D23 Informative Speech 14 November 2016 Causes and effects of Climate Change. General purpose: to inform. Specific purpose: After hearing my speech, my audience will know more what climate change is, what causes it and its effects now and in the future. Thesis Statement: Climate change is a very important issue that affects all of us, we need to know more about this issue. Organization pattern: Cause and effect. Introduction: I. (Attention-getter): When you look at yourselfRead MoreThe Causes And Effects Of Climate Change1690 Words   |  7 Pagesdebates about the pros and cons of climate change and what are the causes and effects of climate change. There are those who argue that the rising levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases in our environment are as a direct result of human activities. Some activities that are at the top of the list include but are not limited to the burning of fossil fuels, the cutting down of our forest, these activities are causing significant and increasingly severe climate changes which include global warming. GlobalRead MoreClimate Change : Causes And Effects1113 Words   |  5 Pages Climate Change: Causes and Effects Student’s Name: Institutional Affiliation: Climate Change: Causes and Effects According to Adger (2010), the combined effect of climate change and limitations of resources is serving as a threat to the sustainability of the current social-economic systems and is poised to affect our way of life. Climatic change is more than global warming. The rise in temperatures is but part of the broader changes leading to extreme temperatures, drought, floodingRead MoreClimate Change : Causes And Effects1347 Words   |  6 Pagesdebated topic of climate change. Climate change is no myth; it’s a further analysis of how our planet is suffering the negative effects of human carelessness, which can be observed through the glaciers worldwide. Due to fossil fuel consumption and deforestation, greenhouse gasses are beyond regular amounts and affecting the glaciers, causing them to melt and increase ocean and sea levels. To further understand Climate Change, one must recognize what it is. When people ponder about climate, they thinkRead MoreClimate Change : Causes And Effects1781 Words   |  8 PagesClimate change, either caused by humans, or naturally occurring, is beginning to affect several areas around the world and is causing human environmental insecurity in some already weakened states and regions. Climate change is defined simply as changes in the earth’s weather patterns. Change in climate becomes a security concern, for example, if decreased rainfall equates to decreased crop production in what was once a dependable food source that has now disappeared. The lack of this resourceRead MoreClimate Change : Causes, Effects And Solutions1774 Words   |  8 Pageslately on the causes, effects and solutions of global climate change. Nearly every day, scientists and politicians speak about the subject, or we hear about it in the news media. On September 23, 2014, President Obama remarke d at a U.N. Climate Change Summit that â€Å"-- there’s one issue that will define the contours of this century more dramatically than any other, and that is the urgent and growing threat of a changing climate† (The White House). The science of climate and climate change involves many

Bullying and Cyberbullying An Analysis - 870 Words

After much analysis of sources relating to the focus question of which of the two genders (boys or girls) are more involved in bullying, an analysis of findings will be conducted. As the aim of the research is to focus on boys and girls between the ages of 14 and 18 (grades 8 to 12), it is important that the types of bullying that are relevant to the age group are looked at. With the advancement of technology, most teenagers in high school are active users of social networking. This leads to cyber bullying. Cyber bullying includes sending â€Å"text messages or messages over social media that are threatening or in any way aimed to hurt or threaten the victim, creating hate sites and gathering followers to reject the victim on social media†. Cyber bullying is an integral part of every teenager’s life. Social platforms such as Facebook, Twitter and Whatsapp are all frequently used by young people to communicate and this is the worst type of bullying because one cannot escape it. According to the study led by Dr. Sarah Pedersen , boys are the most likely out of the two genders to be involved in cyberbullying. Of the 226 children surveyed, 50% of those who had a social network account had been cyberbullied, 40% said they themselves had cyberbullied, â€Å"boys are more bullied online (68%) and are more likely to bully online (50%). Adolescent females revealed (49% and 33% respectively). Cyber bulying is therefore 50% likely to happen to someone with a social network account. As mostShow MoreRelatedCyber Safety For Adolescent Girls : Bullying, Harassment, Sexting, Pornography, And Solicitation1279 Words   |  6 PagesSmith, P.K., Thompson, F., Davidson, J. (2014). Cyber safety for adolescent girls: bullying, harassment, sexting, pornography, and solicitation. Current opinion in obstetrics and gynecology, 26(5), 360-365. This article Cybersafety is based on adolescent female victims in regards to cyberbullying, the issues and risks associated with being a victim of online abuse whether this may be through the internet or mobile devices. And, the interventions which have been implemented to minimize theRead MoreCyberbullying And Its Impact On Cyberbullying1457 Words   |  6 PagesThe article written by Carol M. Walker, Beth Rajan Sockman, and Steven Koehn, â€Å"An Exploratory Study of Cyberbullying with Undergraduate University Students† delves into their study done on undergraduate students to address technology and its impact on cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is defined as, â€Å"The use of information and communication technologies such as email, cellphones, instant messaging†¦ to promote deliberate, repeated and hurtful behavior with the intent to harm others† (Tech Trends JournalRead MoreIs Cyberbullying as Pervasive and as Dangerous as Physical Bullying?1028 Words   |   5 Pagesexperiences are types of cyberbullying. Lots of people have such cyberbullying experiences because it occurs more frequently than before. More specifically, cyberbullying is the use of the Internet, cell phones, or other electronic communication devices to spread harmful or embarrassing information in the form of text, photos or videos about another person. Cyberbullying is worse than physical bullying because of its serious consequences, and the person who suffers the cyberbullying would be hurt mentallyRead MoreA Brief Note On Cyberbullying And Its Effects On Society1085 Words   |  5 Pagesone of the most comprehensive. It defines cyberbullying as â€Å"the use of information and communication technologies such as e-mail, cell phone and pager text messages, instant messaging, defamatory personal websites, and defamatory online personal polling websites, to support deliberate, repeated, and hostile behavior by an individual or group, that is intended to harm others† 2.2 Forms of Cyberbullying One of the most widely studied aspects of cyberbullying is the different forms it takes. Hoff andRead MoreCyberbullying Is A Problem That Affects More Than One Third Of Adolescents1692 Words   |  7 PagesWith the new twitter update which allows that creation of polls that users can vote in, countless accounts have been created to poke fun at someone s personality or looks, this is what is called cyberbullying, and it happens each and everyday. Cyberbullying is a problem that affects more than one-fourth of adolescents in middle school and high school. With the growth of technology it has become more imperative to implement programs in schools to help solve this problem. Today, teenagers rely moreRead MoreThe Effects Of Bullying On Children s Involvement1730 Words   |  7 Pagesalleged bullying.† Sadly, this is not the only story of its kind when it comes to bullying, suicide or the school’s involvement. Josh Sidorowicz from Fox17 News (2015) reports about thirteen year-old, Zoe Johnson, who took her own-life, after being cyberbullied on social media. Zoe was a member of the cheer team and just finished seventh grade. She reached her breaking point after being taunted all year long. There are various types of bullying to include emotional bullying, physical bullying, cyberbullyingRead MoreCyberbullying: Comparing Bullying Laws in Minnesota and New Jersey1395 Words   |  6 PagesCyberbullying has become a new and growing problem within today’s society (Hanel, Trolley 33). On May 9th, 2007, the Minnesota State Legislature first amended the original bullying law from 2005 in attempt to strengthening it (Minnesota State Legislature, â€Å"Approved 2005†, â€Å"Amended 2007†). As stated on a report by the United States Department of Education, Minnesota has one of the weakest bullying laws in the nation (United States Department of Education, â€Å"Analysis†). Bully Police graded Minnesota’sRead MoreThe Survival Of The Fittest1405 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Social status is a very important factor to consider in cyberbullying† (Huberman, Loch, ONculer, 2004.)9 It is a way many go by living on this capitalist society. That has lead many to believe that the survival of the fittest is true. Survival is related specifically with rivalry because of the huge number of species and restricted assets. There s always been a steady drive to out-perform others and overcome obstacles. The individuals who beat these obstacles accept they re at the highest pointRead MorePros And Cons Of Cyberbullying1180 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction â€Å"You are a loser†, â€Å"no one likes you†, â€Å"you have no friends†. Sending mean messages such as these through text, or email, spreading rumors or posting embarrassing pictures, videos, or fake profiles are all examples of cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is bullying that takes place using electronic technology such as cell phones, computers, and tablets as well as communication tools including social media sites, text messages, chat, and websites (U.S. Department of Health and Human ServicesRead MoreCrt 205 Final Paper1576 Words   |  7 PagesAssociate Level Material Critical Analysis Forms Fill out one form for each source. |Source 1 Title and Citation: Cyberbullying Has a Broader Impact than Traditional Bullying | |Uhls, Yalda T. Cyberbullying Has a Broader Impact than Traditional Bullying. Cyberbullying. Ed. Louise I. Gerdes. Detroit: | |Greenhaven Press, 2012. At Issue. Rpt. from Is Bullying Going Digital? Cyber Bullying Facts. PsychologyinAction.org. 2010. Gale | |Opposing

Should Banned Be Banned A High School Curriculum

According to the American Library Association, more than 11,300 books have been challenged since 1982. This staggering number reflects thousands of students being denied the rewarding benefits associated with reading complex forms of literature that convey important messages about life and its various problematic, profane, and distasteful aspects. Specifically, the inclusion of banned books in a high school curriculum containing obscene aspects would not only strengthen comprehensive reading skills, but more importantly, increase students exposure to complex ideas that depict a gruesome, yet extremely realistic portrayal of life. Among the novels that have been banned is The Catcher in The Rye, written by J.D Salinger, which describes†¦show more content†¦Vernacchio believes it is crucial to analyze the relationship between sexual questions and thoughts, and character responses. This can be done in an English class setting by interpreting situations where characters are fac ed with risky relationships, sexual confusion, and emotional losses. Likewise, in The Catcher In The Rye, it is impossible for students to analyze Holden Caulfield s actions without noting that the interactions he makes with other characters are all strongly influenced by his confusion about sex, dating, and life. For example, Holden purblindly hires a prostitute to come to an apartment he rents after leaving Pencey University, however when Sunny arrives in Holden s room, he simply talks to her about his recent surgery and avoids any physical contact( Salinger 126). Readers can interpret through Holden s unexpected actions that while he does have sexual feelings for women, he is unsure of his emotions, and his inability to follow through with the prostitute is simply a part of his internal scheme to resist the process of maturity. With this critical analysis in mind, it is benighted and illogical to deter students from any one particular topic within a novel, because it limits stude nts to only observe the aspects of a character deemed innocuous. It is unambiguous that the analysis of all character interactions and thoughts, not excluding sexual innuendo, allows students to observe how characters reflect upon their emotions. This furtherShow MoreRelatedThe Catcher In the Rye Should Not be Banned Essay789 Words   |  4 Pages The Catcher In the Rye Should Not be Banned nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; Since its publication in 1951, The Catcher In the Rye, written by J.D. Salinger has served as a conflagration for debate and extreme controversy. Although the novel has been the target of scornful criticism, it has also been the topic of wide discussion. The novel portrays the life of sixteen year old, Holden Caufield. Currently in psychiatric care, Holden recalls what happened to him last Christmas. 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Citizen Kane Analysed free essay sample

Introduction Citizen Kane is undoubtedly one of the world’s most popular films, creating a huge hype even before its release in 1941 (The Battle Over Citizen Kane, 1996). The film has twice topped the American Film Institute’s best American films list in 1998 and 2007. Orson Welles, the director, first came to prominence through his Mercury Theatre’s broadcast production of the radio drama War of the Worlds, intended as a Halloween prank. The drama caused near pandemonium as listeners believed Martians had really invaded New Jersey (Vivian; pg383). Orson Welles, apart from directing, also wrote the film, produced and starred in it. The film was inspired by the William Hearst, a newspaper tycoon, a fact that critics attribute to the film’s commercial failure as he is thought to have had influences on the bad publicity served to the film and its studio RKO. Nearly everyone who previewed the film realised that Citizen Kane was a work of brilliance and Hearst had influenced the failure of the film, with many of his newspapers and other media outlets side-stepping the film. Hearst is reported to have attempted to buy the film rights so that he could burn the negatives, as he claimed it was malicious and defamatory towards him. However, the film did indeed draw some similarities between Hearst and the films character Charles Foster Kane, which I will look into in detail later. The film’s popularity is not mainly its controversies but its style and complexity that have influenced many films that followed in later years. The editor, Robert Wise, did a splendid job in keeping a flawless, homogenous structure for the film. It took nearly two decades for Welles’ masterpiece to be recognized and gain the cult status it enjoys (The American Experience, p4). The film also boasts of eight Oscar nominations, winning one (Best Original Screenplay). . 1. The Marriage of Personalities- Hearst vs. Kane Citizen Kane is widely accepted as a fictitious portrayal of Hearst’s life, concentrating mainly on the last word he muttered before he died- ‘Rosebud’. Born on April 29, 1863 in San Francisco, California, Hearst was the only child of self-made millionaire George Hearst and Phoebe Apperson Hearst. Aged 23, Hearst became the owner of the San Francisco Examiner, while still student at Harvard. It is reported that the paper was given to Hearst Snr, as a debt from a gambler who owned him money (Wierichs, 2002; pg3). According to Wierichs, the George Hearst was a US Senator and was not very much interested in a newspaper; hence he gave its control to William in 1887. Young William, like Welles’ young Charles Kane, was dexterous and vowed to oversee the popularity of his new publication. To achieve his goal, young Hearst acquired the best, both in technology and creative talent. (Wierichs, 2002; pg3). Hearst’s newspaper began to unravel cases of corruption and scandals drawing similarities in the stories carried in the film character’s newspapers. The Examiner was converted to a mixture of investigative reporting and dramatic sensationalism, showing some traits Hearst inherited from his former mentor, journalist Joseph Pulitzer. In 1895, Hearst added the New York Journal to his portfolio, starting a circulation battle with New York World, the newspaper Pulitzer wrote for. (Vivian; pg264). In an attempt to increase circulation, Hearst started to print largely exaggerated articles on the Cuban Insurrection in both his papers (Wierichs, 2002, pg4). Hearst’s series of powerful articles blamed Spain for the bombing and sinking of USS Maine ship. His articles were perceived to incite Americans to go to war with Spain, and are fingered as the causing factor in the Spanish-American War in 1898. Hearst’s famous claim, †¦You furnish the pictures, Ill furnish the war when a reporter from his newspaper visited Cuba and reported that there would be no war (Vivian; pg265) is recreated in the film, when Kane said something similar, in the scene where he was with Thatcher and received a telegram from Cuba. He asked Bernstein to send a message to the reporter, saying, You provide the prose poems Ill provide the war. Hearst later got the nickname Father of Yellow Journalism for his role in sparking off this war. Such sensational stories took centre stage in the film Citizen Kane. Hearst, like Kane, bribed rival writers who tried to tramp him and his papers (Wierichs; pg6). The two characters, Hearst and Kane, had a lot other similarities, apart from being in the publishing business (Dirks, 2002). The two men were both into politics and dreamed of one day becoming America’s President. Hearst followed his father into and twice, got voted into the House of Representatives but was unsuccessful in his running for the post of governor for New York. Wierichs; p8). In the film, Kane had a dream to become president and he ran for the post of governor of New York and also married Emily Monroe Norton, who plays a presidents niece in the film. Similarly, both William Hearst and Charles Kane were involved in extra marital affairs but Hearst is believed to have been in true love with his mistress, Mario n Davies. In the film, Kane had a rugged affair with Susan Alexander, a struggling aspiring opera singer. This shows a link in both men’s love of women in the arts, as Davies was a silent movie actress. (Dirks; 2002). Marion Davies had a successful relationship with Hearst, unlike Susan Alexander, who had got fed up with Kane and left him. Both men are used their influences to help propel their girlfriends’ careers, with Marion Davies receiving a gift of a film studio from Hearst, and Susan Alexander got an opera studio from Kane (Dirks, 2002). The other evident similarity between the two characters is their ownership of luxurious mansions filled expensive art collections. Hearst named his home ‘Hearst’s castle’ whilst Kane’s is called Xanadu (Dirks, 2002). 2. 2 THE GENIUS BEHIND THE FILM Orson Welles, boy genius who gave us Citizen Kane Orson Welles, was born on 6th of May 1915 in Kenosha, Wisconsin. He was born in a family of two- him and his brother who was sent away to school, making Welles the only child at home. Welles parents were estranged when he was four years old (A Welles Biography). In his early years, Welles father became addicted to alcohol and spend time out of employment, at a time Welles mother, a pianist, was ill. She eventually succumbed to her illness when he was only nine. Welles Snr died when his son was only 15. Welles early education was difficult but that changed when he moved to Todd School in 1926. At eleven, Welles was introduced to Roger Hill, the school’s headmaster. Hill later became a father figure in Welles life, something that was lacking in his life. Welles, now the school’s public entertainment organizer, was given free access to the school theatres and printing press. He wrote, directed and starred in a number of school performances. He is reported to have based his career on controversial productions, as he believed that the more they got talked about the better his career progressed. Examples of his works include Macbeth (1936) which was set in Haiti and boasted an entire black cast. In 1937, Welles worked on Julius Cea ser was re-created as a modern drama on fascism. His major break was his role in the radio drama ‘War of the Worlds’ where he convinced listeners to believe that Martians had invaded the earth. This drama caused concern and uproar that threatened to kill his career. However, his talent and hyper-energy seemed to elevate him above the fray, delivering him unscathed to his next challenge and when he graced the cover of Time magazine, he was only twenty-three years old (About the Program, The American Experience; p14). The success of War of Worlds handed Welles a route into Hollywood, with RKO rewarding him with a brilliant contact to write, produce and directs his own films (Lodge et al; 1996; pg136). It is reported that Welles openly declared his love for authority not money (BBC Education; pg14). This declaration can be linked to the character of Kane where similarities between these two men can be drawn. Welles wielded a lot of power in his productions, clearly supported by the numerous roles he played in all his productions, for example he wrote, directed and starred in Citizen Kane and Julius Ceaser. This love of authority is evident in Charles Kane’s personality, as he despised being under someone’s leadership, and loved doing things his own way even if it means hurting others along the way. It is believed that Welles modeled Kane of his own personality and love for authority. William Hearst found Citizen Kane to be too close to his life, especially with portrait of him in the narrative. He was infuriated and attempted to halt the film’s release. This action indirectly went in the films favour as it garnered more publicity to the Welles’ Hollywood debut (Orson Welles Biography, BBC Education; pg150). RKO finally got the green light to release the film in 1941, just a week before Welles’ 26th birthday, but he had already left Hollywood for Europe. He had criticized the studio system and expressed disappointment with his films dismal performance at the box office. Welles arrived in England in 1947 and carried on working in theatre and film. His most remarkable performance was in the play Chimes in Midnight (Orson Welles Biography; pg17). Welles strongest effect was immediate and lasting, credited to years of experience drawn from radio plays and experiments with lenses to create dramatic effects within the frame. His directorial career was as a director unpredictable and scattered with incomplete works. Welles was regarded as maestro within the film industry. He sadly passed away in 1985. 3. An Analysis of the film’s Main Characters 3. 1 Charles Foster Kane The film starts with an introduction of the old main character Charles Foster Kane on his deathbed in his castle Xanadu. Kane, moments before he died, inaudibly whispers the cryptic word rosebud which becomes a key factor in the film as it explores his life up to his death. A March of the Time parody in the film shows a glimpse of Kane’s life, a distant away from the real lifestyle that the character led. This note observation is shown in the scene where an old Kane walks past some mirrors, which subsequently procreates his reflection continuously, metaphorically depicting his multiple personalities and a lost identity. People viewed Kane differently when he was alive and when he died. He was seen as a giant, a titan, a freak who man who saw himself as a demi-God, a superior force up and above everyone else. This is also shown in the promotional poster of the film. The following is a look at the five depictions that other characters gave for Charles Kane. 3. 1. 1 WALTER THATCHER A flashback though Walter Thatcher’s memoirs opens us to the early childhood days of Kane. The memoirs gives us a glimpse of the effects of Kane’s separation from his parents and the decision for him to be taken into Thatcher’s care to prepare him as an heir to his father’s wealth. The director focused on the young Kane as his parents talked with Thatcher about their son’s future, clearly showing us that he was the central to the discussion. His anger and resentment towards Thatcher is also showing when he assaults the banker. The confrontation between Thatcher and Kane also depicts the animosity between them. The memoirs also shows that Thatcher dislike Kane, describing him with phrases like ‘a common adventurer’, ‘spoiled’ and ‘unscrupulous’. 3. 1. 2 MR BERNSTEIN A different depiction of Kane is showed through the eyes of Mr Bernstein. He introduces us to a high-spirited and optimistic evaluation of Kane. It is through him, that we are told how Kane became a newspaper mogul, his coup on New York Enquirer, where he got rid of the editor and recruited the best, renowned staff including his critic friend from college, Jedediah Leland. Kane was earlier on perceived to be a fighter for the oppressed Kane after writing a ‘declaration of principles’ in his first editor’s note. He was a revelation to the poor masses boosting his circulation with stories about scandals and corruption, just like Hearst prodding the American government into a war in Spain. Bernstein’s recounts gives a depiction of problem-free Kane full of essence and good health and having high aims in life that could have made him President, if he had not messed up by having affairs. 3. 1. 3 JEDEDIAH LELAND A third point of view of Charles Kane’s life comes from his best friend Leland. Through him, we are introduced to a rather darker portrayal of the character Kane, with a provided the third flashback of Kanes jigsaw-puzzled life. Leland provided a much darker aspect of Kanes complex life. Contrary to Bernstein’s assertions, Leland believes Kane was an unethical publisher who strayed from the truth by focusing on entertaining the readers. Leland also shows us the disintegrating marriage between Kane and Emily, blaming Kane for spending more time at work than with his wife. Through Leland, we deduce that Kane may have only been attracted to Emily’s good looks and used her as a stepping-stone to his presidential aspiration. He also showed us his disapproval and anger towards Kane’s affair with Susan Alexander though his facial expression. Leland depicts Kane as a nice person who helped other to reach their goals, for example by letting him go to Chicago and when he tried to help Susan with her opera career. Kane’s contradictory personality is depicted when he tried to bribe Leland and also tearing up the declaration of principles he had showed pride in earlier. In conclusion, Leland shows what became of Kane after meeting Susan, his fall from grace and the opposite of the man Bernstein depicts in his flashback. 3. 1. 4 SUSAN ALEXANDER Susan Alexander had imagined Kane to be an ordinary man in the street and at one point he thought he was a magician when Kane played shadow card games. Kane, to Susan, was a funny person with a great sense of humour as showed by her high-pitched laughs. Susan also gave us an insight into Kane’s feeling about the relationship showed by him staying with her despite his rival ousting the secret affair. Kane’s arrogance is also evident as he declares that he is ‘no cheap, crooked Politian trying to save himself from the consequences of his crimes’. This tells us how he was not dependent on someone else to fight his wars. Having lost everything, Kane felt Susan was his last hope and only person who understood him, hence he puts his efforts into making her an opera star by hiring a vocal coach and getting her, her own opera studio. This again is depicted when he is shown as the only person enthusiastically applauding her shows, other than his associates. However, Kane’s enthusiasm changes in a scene when Susan’s character is towered over by Kane’s shadow and almost pushes her over the edge when he demands her to sing again. Kane’s love for Susan is also show by his positive reports and exaggerated popularity of her acts. This again, is evident when Kane gives everything she wants, even building the ‘Xanadu’ for her. Susan’s flashback also shows Kane’s sinister silhouette siting on a throne surrounded by darkness, which in this instance depicts his lavish lifestyle full of controversies. 3. 1. 5 RAYMOND Raymond, Kanes butler, depicts his master as a weird, old man. He gave us an insight into how Kane was lonely and pitiable in a huge and empty palace, a huge contrast to the young Kane before Thatcher took him into his care. Raymond also shows us how Kane, in his last days, searched for his soul for the happy times he had as a boy in the Colorado Mountains. Raymond’s view help us understand that Kane was just a bitter person who resented the way his childhood was taken away from him by this parents’ decision to have him mentored by Thatcher. He was an old man looking for the pure love that his mother has showered him before she gave him away, but that love was hard to find regardless where he searched for it. Kane was a man trying to love and be loved back despite him not knowing how to love. His complex life was well define when the reporter in the sequence, Thomson, summed up that ‘I dont think any word can explain a mans life’ 4. THE BREAKFAST TABLE SEQUENCE A soon as the newly married Charles Foster Kane brought his bride Emily Norton back from Europe, the crack began to develop in their marriage. This scene, recreated in Leland’s flashback is fondly remembered and is one of the famous scenes in the film. Welles intelligently fused techniques to create a time lapse of many years of Kane’s’ life. A mixture of dissolves and clever make up and props showed sheer brilliance in the way the editing was done. Starting with an eye-level two shot of the new couple, sitting closer together, Welles used bright lighting to aid the playful and intimate dialogue. Reserve shot of the couple, depicted them as a loved-up, youthful and enthusiastic pair that is full of life and love. Their young ‘innocent’ love is shown when Kane tells his wife how beautiful she was and subsequently rescheduling his meetings after she complained that he was leaving her alone at home. Five brief shots pairs follow the sequence, each depicting, their eyes growing the increasing doubt and suspicions about each other. The intimacy showed earlier had clearly fizzled out as revealed by the couple’s conversations. The Enquirer later became the link and symbol to their growing animosity. This is shown when Emily started to question Kane’s late night appointments and his heightening vitriol against her uncle, the President. Further, Kane’s lack of patience with his wife is evident as he interrupts her conversations with no sign of care or bother. This is shown when he blurted out ‘What care do I give them’ when Emily was trying what explain how people expected the truth from the media. Welles cleverly uses mise-en-scene to show the time lapse by constantly changing the props and make up. The change in music also depicted the changing emotion within the two characters, from intimacy to near hatred. Kane changes from his beautiful dinner jacket to a formal suit, whilst his wife costume and hairstyle changes with the time lapse. The once clear table, showing their intimacy, changes to a dump with plants and newspapers. This is used to show the problems that has come into the once clear and delightful relationship, now cluttered with suspicions and doubt The sequence is powerfully ended with shot/reverse shot and another two-shot. The reverse shot, shows Kane and Emily, no longer seeing eye-to-eye, as they did before, but now spending silent moments reading separate newspapers, with Kane reading The Inquirer and Emily reading the rival, Chronicle. This shows that the rivalry of the two publications have been transferred into the couple’s home. The camera tracking away from the table, reveals that’s its length have increased and the couple were now occupying opposite position thereby showing us the rift growing in their marriage. The scene is cold and darkly lit in comparison to the earlier scene which undoubtedly brighter and cheerful. Creative editing ensured that this sequence seamlessly packed in several years of Kane’s ill-fated marriage in just a few minutes. The sequence clearly gives the audience a rundown of both happy and sad events in Charles Foster Kane’s marriage to Emily Norton by cleverly joining a variety spaces and a series of conversation from different days into a linear story of the couple’s marriage. The sequence also shows us how Charles Foster Kane’s dreams and desire are turned to nothing as soon as the achieves them, eventually trapping him in vast empty spaces as shown by his lonely last days in the ‘Xanadu’ 5. THE PICNIC SEQUENCE This film’s success is credited to Welles’ articulate use of film as a medium o communicate and explore Charles Foster Kane’s life by using creative and imaginative camera work and locations, aided by equally outstanding use of sound, editing and lighting to captivate the audience and invite them to be part of the protagonist’s journey. All these exceptional traits are evident in the picnic scene recounted late in Susan’s se quence when she was talking to Thompson, the reporter. The three minute, ten seconds sequence consists of just fewer than 25 shots, indicates the end of Charles Foster Kane and Emily Norton’s married life, just like the breakfast table scene I talked about earlier. The scene opens with a mid-shot of Susan, looking sad and dressed casually, sitting next to Kane in the back of the chauffeur-driven car. He was wearing glasses and a hat to show us the sunny weather conditions of on that day. Her disapproval of where they were going is depicted by their silence and the chilled blues music playing on the car radio. The music proved to be explaining Susan’s emotions at that precise time in the car with Kane, in addition to the physical distance between them in the back of the car. The couple continuously argues in this sequence, with Susan claiming that Kane never gives her what she yearns for. Kane’s response is hidden behind the glasses and his silence shows the patience he takes with Susan. The scene that followed, joined by a dissolve, showed the afternoon bright sunlight, in deep focus, shedding a thick, dark shadows, falling right before a line of cars. The different sombre, monotonous, softer cast made the passing cars seems like a funeral convoy. The long blues music provided a long continuous flow, depicting the recurring problems in Charles and Emily’s marriage. The introduction of the song ‘This Cant be Love, added a sad feel to the sequence, and with the somber, soft shadows of passing car, created a funeral-like moment as if this indicated the state of the marriage at that moment. The next shot depicted a singer performing the line ‘this cant be love, because there is no true love’ from the song ‘This can’t be Love’ by Robert Farnon. The use of a black singer to perform this piece could be metaphorically depicting the darkness hovering above the couple’s marriage. This lyric could also be a reference to Kane’s search for that real love he enjoyed from his mother, which he is finding hard to find. Mise-en-scene becomes useful in challenging audience attention to the deep-focus on the other areas of this frame. The presence of Raymond in the scene suggests that whatever is going on, right or wrong, is something to do with their life, the future of their home- the Xanadu and their marriage. It shows that despite where the goes, the Xanadu travels with them in various forms. In one shot, we are shown a Susan and Kane’s tent brightly lit with group of dull lit tents in the background. Their tent is miles away from the rest in appearance and proximity to the camera. Welles tracks towards the tent and dissolves the following shot to reveal the interior of the couple’s dwelling. Here, Welles applies the traditional filming style of shot reserve shot to capture the couple’s conversation inside the tent. This style frames one person at a time within the shot to create a sense of one individual speaking and another listening. This is shown when Kane is in the shot when he is speaking to Susan and same applies when she speaks to her. This style is crucial in showing characters’ facial expressions and emotions as they are usually framed in a mid shot or close up. In this sequence, we are shown an older, overweight and dejected Charles Kane, sitting slouched in a chair, an example of excellent use of make up and props to portray a twenty-something-old young man as an old pensioner. Susan is shown on her knees in front of Kane; a position is captured she assumes a number of times in front of the fire in their palace- Xanadu and on her operatic debut. The director, Orson Welles, employs a low-key lighting technique to shed a dark shadow on Kane’s face, a depiction of the man’s dark personality. Susan rips into Kane, pointing out how he believes buying is the same as love. This is an important point that Leland, Kane’s college friend, as reiterated that Kane had not idea of how to love, often thinking possession and giving out money was a definition of love. When this accusation was leveled against him, Kane was sitting above Susan, assuming a dominant position in the conversation (and her life as well). Leland and Susan’s comments were very important as they were not disputed by throughout the film and were poignant in describing Charles Foster Kane’s complex life. Kane appears to be losing his patience with Susan recurring attacks when he remarks about the pitch of her voice and his wish to have her stop flaunting their life and avoid disagreements and come to same levels with their guests. Kane had remarked: Youre in a tent, darling. Youre not at home. And I can hear you very well if you just talk in a normal tone of voice (Mankiewicz Welles; pg133), implying that he was not keen on their guests listening in on their argument. Susan, however, did was not worried about what others thought, as she carelessly continued with her rhetoric. Kane’s love for Susan is clear when he stands over her, captured from a low angle to give him dominance over her, as the love is evident his eyes, and his face brightens up on seeing his beloved wife in a submissive position. The love in his eyes is further confirmed when he explains that he does everything he do because of the love he has for her. Susan, however, refutes Kane’s show of affection as a front, as he is only interested in her love for him and not vice-versa. Susan goes ahead and mimic the arrogance Kane expresses when compares money to being loved. The vile and bitterness in her voice engulfs the whole situation into an inferno as it hit Kane hard, resulting in his slapping her. Susan shows her defiance by not flinching and telling Kane not to apologise to her, something Kane was not intending to do after all. This picnic scene’s ending shows Susan tightly framed and looking straight up at Kane. Welles dissolves this scene into the next one, with Raymond taking us to inform his boss of the missus’ departure. s with a close up shot of Susan glaring up at Kane and dissolving into the next sequence to a shot of Raymond who leads us to Kane to inform him of Susans leaving. This scene is the final chapter in Kane’s search for love, as his wrong definitions of love are proved wrong, as finally realizes that money is not love. This sequence explains why Kane did not have a happy life despite all the wealth he got from his parents. They, like Kane, used the ‘bank’ to define their love of their son, alienating him from the parental love that he yearned for. 7. CONCLUSION As a flute of smoke rose from Charles Kane’s mansion’s furnace, it effortlessly defines the wasted life of a hardworking man, as the results of his sweat and blood goes up in flame. This demise for Kane’s empire is unexplainable to both him and those around him. Charles Foster Kane died a lonely, miserable man, with no family or friends and soon, his existence would be soon forgotten. This film serves as a moral teaching about the worthlessness on material possession in times of need. Welles showed us that love is very vital and should be cherished whilst it still exists. Charles Kane’s journey is a reminder that money and power become worthless as love and friends can never be bought.

Consumer forum Essay Example

Consumer forum Essay Once again, they placed a particular emphasis on fairness. Public transport was not typically regarded as credible and car clubs were not seen as attractive – partly because they fail to meet the need for autonomy, which personal ownership seems to deliver. We were able to conclude that the concept of shifting taxation away from car ownership and onto car use in a transparent way can command support. However, when it comes to taxation of fuel, vehicles and road use, people are often sceptical of the motives of policy-makers: they see taxes as revenue-raisers rather than carbon-cutters. But clear and visible hypothecation – from tax revenues to public transport – as in the case of London’s congestion charge, can help make such taxes more acceptable to people. These findings mirror evidence from elsewhere about the challenge of addressing the car culture. A prerequisite for achieving change is a committed effort to improve public transport services, to tackle long-term issues of access and mobility in a sustainable way. But effort is also needed to address our underlying attachment to cars. One clear opportunity is to work with the grain of people’s pride in their cars and accelerate the market for desirable low-carbon cars. We will write a custom essay sample on Consumer forum specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Consumer forum specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Consumer forum specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We set out, right, a number of recommendations for improving the way we get around. These include some suggestions for developing a product roadmap for mainstreaming low-carbon cars, which can build on the work of the Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership(93). Holiday travel Overseas travel represents a major aspiration for many people. Participants at the Consumer forum spoke of their attachment to flying abroad for sun and for short breaks. Among less affluent groups there were numerous references to how the low-cost carrier boom has opened up travel to a wider section of the population. People were also shocked when they were informed of the impact of flying on climate change. For many, flying has always been presented as a positive thing, a chance to broaden your mind. ‘You just want to experience as much as you can, and learn about the different ways of living as well. And you can’t do that by staying around the same people. ’ Consumer forum participant There is a clear paradox in the relationship between travel and sustainability. Many champions of the environment and the developing world would acknowledge that travel was a driving force in opening their eyes. Yet there is no question that we urgently need to limit the rapid increase in carbon emissions from frequent flying. The fact that one of the ten breakout groups at the Consumer forum chose an end to internal flights within Britain as their ‘best idea of the day’ demonstrates that attitudes are open to change. It may be that, with careful and visible investment in infrastructure, and improvements in inner-city rail services (where these are a realistic and available alternative) more people might become receptive to leadership on curbing domestic flights. Even so, there are fewer alternatives to air travel in some cases. People in Northern Ireland, for example, can claim with some reason that air travel helps to reduce their potential isolation from the rest of the UK and the European mainland. Overseas travel is a more contentious area. Of course, projected emissions growth from aviation means that demand management is urgent and essential. Bringing aviation into the Kyoto Protocol and emissions trading schemes will be important steps. But it would be short-sighted to think that we can leave air passengers out of the equation when we push for more radical interventions. As we have argued upfront, if policy-makers and advocates are to create and retain the mandate for the bold action that is needed on sustainable consumption then policy will need to actively touch the lives of citizens and engage with them honestly and courageously. Our contribution has been to see how public support, and hence political will, can be built for essential demand management measures. This is the rationale for rolling out carbon offset on an opt-out basis.

The History of Llamas and Alpacas in South America

The History of Llamas and Alpacas in South America The largest domesticated animals in South America are the camelids, quadruped animals which played a central role in the economic, social, and ritual lives of past Andean hunter-gatherers, herders, and farmers. Like domesticated quadrupeds in Europe and Asia, South American camelids were first hunted as prey before being domesticated. Unlike most of those domesticated quadrupeds, however, those wild ancestors are still living today. Four Camelids Four camels, or more precisely camelids, are recognized in South America today, two wild and two domesticated. The two wild forms, the larger guanaco (Lama guanicoe) and the daintier vicuà ±a (Vicugna vicugna) diverged from a common ancestor some two million years ago, an event unrelated to domestication. Genetic research indicates that the smaller alpaca (Lama pacos L.), is the domesticated version of the smaller wild form, the vicuà ±a; while the larger llama (Lama glama L) is the domesticated form of the larger guanaco. Physically, the line between llama and alpaca has been blurred as a result of deliberate hybridization between the two species over the last 35 years or so, but that hasnt stopped researchers from getting to the heart of the matter. All four of the camelids are grazers or browser-grazers, although they have different geographic distributions today and in the past. Historically and in the present, the camelids were all used for meat and fuel, as well as wool for clothing and a source of string for making  quipu and baskets. The Quechua (the state language of the Inca) word for dried camelid meat is charki, Spanish charqui, and the etymological progenitor of the English term jerky. Llama and Alpaca Domestication The earliest evidence for domestication of both llama and alpaca comes from archaeological sites located in the Puna region of the Peruvian Andes, at between ~4000–4900 meters (13,000–14,500 feet) above sea level. At Telarmachay Rockshelter, located 170 kilometers (105 miles) northeast of Lima, faunal evidence from the long-occupied site traces an evolution of human subsistence related to the camelids. The first hunters in the region (~9000–7200 years ago), lived on generalized hunting of guanaco, vicuà ±a and huemul deer. Between 7200–6000 years ago, they switched to specialized hunting of guanaco and vicuà ±a. Control of domesticated alpacas and llamas was in effect by 6000–5500 years ago, and a predominant herding economy based on llama and alpaca was established at Telarmachay by 5500 years ago. Evidence for domestication of llama and alpaca accepted by scholars include changes in dental morphology, the presence of fetal and neonatal camelids in archaeological deposits, and an increasing reliance on camelids indicated by the frequency of camelid remains in deposits. Wheeler has estimated that by 3800 years ago, the people at Telarmachay based 73% of their diet on camelids. Llama (Lama glama, Linnaeus 1758) The llama is the larger of the domestic camelids and resembles the guanaco in almost all aspects of behavior and morphology. Llama is the Quechua term for L. glama, which is known as qawra by Aymara speakers. Domesticated from the guanaco in the Peruvian Andes some 6000–7000 years ago, the llama was moved into lower elevations by 3,800 years ago, and by 1,400 years ago, they were kept in herds on the northern coasts of Peru and Ecuador. In particular, the Inca used llamas to move their imperial pack trains into southern Colombia and central Chile. Llamas range in height from 109–119 centimeters (43–47 inches) at the withers, and in weight from 130–180 kilograms (285–400 pounds). In the past, llamas were used as beasts of burden, as well as for meat, hides, and fuel from their dung. Llamas have upright ears, a leaner body, and less wooly legs than the alpacas. According to Spanish records, the Inca had a hereditary caste of herding specialists, who bred animals with specific colored pelts for sacrificing to different deities. Information on flock size and colors are believed to have been kept using the quipu. Herds were both individually-owned and communal. Alpaca (Lama pacos Linnaeus 1758) The alpaca is considerably smaller than the llama, and it most resembles the vicuà ±a in aspects of social organization and appearance. Alpacas range from 94–104 cm (37–41 in) in height and about 55–85 kg (120–190 lb) in weight. Archaeological evidence suggests that, like llamas, alpacas were domesticated first in the Puna highlands of central Peru about 6,000–7,000 years ago. Alpacas were first brought to lower elevations about 3,800 years ago and are in evidence at coastal locales by 900–1000 years ago. Their smaller size rules out their use as beasts of burden, but they have a fine fleece that is prized throughout the world for its delicate, light-weight, cashmere-like wool that comes in a range of colors from white, through fawn, brown, gray, and black. Ceremonial Role in South American Cultures Archaeological evidence suggests that both llamas and alpacas were part of a sacrificial rite in Chiribaya culture sites such as El Yaral, where naturally mummified animals were found buried beneath house floors. Evidence for their use in Chavà ­n culture sites such as Chavà ­n de Huntar is somewhat equivocal but seems likely. Archaeologist Nicolas Goepfert found that, among the Mochica at least, only domestic animals were part of sacrificial ceremonies. Kelly Knudson and colleagues studied camelid bones from Inca feasts at Tiwanaku in Bolivia and identified evidence that camelids consumed in the feasts were just as often from outside the Lake Titicaca region as local. Evidence that llama and alpaca were what made the extensive trade along the huge Inca road network possible has been known from historical references. Archaeologist Emma Pomeroy investigated the robusticity of human limb bones dated between 500–1450 CE from the site of San Pedro de Atacama in Chile and used that to identify traders involved in those camelid caravans, particularly after the collapse of Tiwanaku. Modern Alpaca and Llama Herds Quechua and Aymara-speaking herders today subdivide their herds into llama-like (llamawari or waritu) and alpaca-like (pacowari or wayki) animals, depending on physical appearance. Crossbreeding of the two has been attempted to increase the amount of alpaca fiber (higher quality), and fleece weight (a llama characteristics). The upshot has been to decrease the quality of alpaca fiber from a pre-conquest weight similar to cashmere to a thicker weight which fetches lower prices in international markets. Sources Chepstow-Lusty, Alex J. Agro-Pastoralism and Social Change in the Cuzco Heartland of Peru: A Brief History Using Environmental Proxies. Antiquity 85.328 (2011): 570–82. Print.Fehrens-Schmitz, Lars, et al. Climate Change Underlies Global Demographic, Genetic, and Cultural Transitions in Pre-Columbian Southern Peru. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111.26 (2014): 9443–8. Print.Garcà ­a, Marà ­a Elena. The Taste of Conquest: Colonialism, Cosmopolitics, and the Dark Side of Perus Gastronomic Boom. The Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology 18.3 (2013): 505–24. Print.Goepfert, Nicolas. The Llama and the Deer: Dietary and Symbolic Dualism in the Central Andes. Anthropozoologica 45.1 (2010): 25–45. Print.Grant, Jennifer. Of Hunting and Herding: Isotopic Evidence in Wild and Domesticated Camelids from the Southern Argentine Puna (2120–420 years BP). Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 11 (2017): 29–37. Print.Knud son, Kelly J., Kristin R. Gardella, and Jason Yaeger. Provisioning Inka Feasts at Tiwanaku, Bolivia: The Geographic Origins of Camelids in the Pumapunku Complex. Journal of Archaeological Science 39.2 (2012): 479–91. Print. Lopez, Gabriel E. J., and Federico Restifo. Middle Holocene Intensification and Domestication of Camelids in North Argentina, as Tracked by Zooarchaeology and Lithics. Antiquity 86.334 (2012): 1041–54. Print.Marà ­n, J. C., et al. Y-Chromosome and Mtdna Variation Confirms Independent Domestications and Directional Hybridization in South American Camelids. Animal Genetics 48.5 (2017): 591–95. Print.Pomeroy, Emma. Biomechanical Insights into Activity and Long Distance Trade in the South-Central Andes (AD  500–1450). Journal of Archaeological Science 40.8 (2013): 3129–40. Print.Russell, Grant. Determining South American Camelid Domestication through Skeletal Morphology. Rutgers University, 2017. Print.Smith, Scott C., and Maribel Pà ©rez Arias. From Bodies to Bones: Death and Mobility in the Lake Titicaca Basin, Bolivia. Antiquity 89.343 (2015): 106–21. Print.Valverde, Guido, et al. Ancient DNA Analysis Suggests Negligible Impact of the Wari Empire Expansion in Peru’s Central Coast During the Middle Horizon. PLoS ONE (2016). Print. Yacobaccio, Hugo D., and Bibiana L. Vil. A Model for Llama (Lama Glama Linnaeus, 1758) Domestication in the Southern Andes. Anthropozoologica 51.1 (2016): 5–13. Print.

This case study is an introduction to issues of financial management Research Paper

This case study is an introduction to issues of financial management and Human Resource Planning and Budgeting - Research Paper Example The report highlights the payback period, employee turnover projection after the implementation of the machinery, the total cost of the an individual in relation to the human resource function and lastly an evaluation of the firms benefits after the implementation...... I also agree that an electronic copy of this project may be stored and used for the purposes of plagiarism prevention and detection. Copyright Acknowledgement I acknowledge that the copyright of this project and report belongs to Emirates Aviation College. Signed: Date: Acknowledgement This project is a success because of the support received from people who are special to me. I would like to acknowledge the support of my family including my brother and sister, my colleagues from this department and my project supervisor Introduction The company board of directors recently discussed of that the company dealings should be taken on by the medium sized Co- share company. Co-share is to take charge of all their fruit and vegetable packing and supply. Co-share is a small to medium sized supermarket with approximately 165 stores in Midlands and other areas (Mondy, Robert, and Mary, 2003, 140). Unlike LJC white Co-share is more established with strong business ethics and reasonable trade pr actices. The terms of trade that LJC demand indicate that Co-share Company should utilize all their reasonable trade products and the human resource should utilize their best practices in running the company, for example, the use of staff development and the policies that include the none discrimination laws and regulations. The Co-share company has a policy of auditing their suppliers to ensure that all the required practices are adhered to, and they participate in the lucrative activities including the investors in people (Mathis and John, 2003, 200). Background of report The move to engage in business with Co-share would require LCJ the family business to add more assets in order to facilitate the expansion. It

Role of Information Technology in Kentucky Fried Chicken Essay

Role of Information Technology in Kentucky Fried Chicken - Essay Example Information system helps to change or restructure the business and also quickens the response time to changes in the environment. There are various features of information system that can help a firm gain competitive advantage. For example the decision support system helps firms to align their information system with the business strategies. Then there is the Enterprise resource planning solutions that link the business process with the firm’s objective of optimizing the enterprise resources. Also there is the database system that having â€Å"data mining† capabilities which makes the best use of information for production, innovation and marketing (Hemmatfar, Salehi & Bayat, 2010, p. 158-160). For the purpose of this report let me first describe about the Fast food industry. It is one of the largest growing industries. The industry is characterized by the foods which are prepared and served quickly. Typically, the foods of this industry are sold in retail food outlets or in a packaged form. The major market players of this industry are Kentucky fried chicken, McDonalds, Pizza hut, Dominos, Arby’s, Subway, Fingers and Del Taco among various other players. Franchise operation acts as the most crucial element of this industry. The noticeable foodstuffs includes pizzas, burgers, sandwiches, French fries, fried chicken, ice creams and also foods like noodles, fried rice and soups among the others. Presently information technology is widely used in fast food industry. The market share of KFC and its competitors are as follows:- Figure 1 (Source: pugetsoundoff, n.d.). Information technology plays an essential role in the unprecedented growth of fast food industry. In this sector the functions of Information technology is significant as it helps in research and development process, marketing process and also in the financial segment. Information systems help organisations in the fast food industry to not only deliver products and services at low c osts but also deliver differentiated products and services. Organisations are using information system to create niche markets for themselves and at the same time focus on developing new and innovative products. The current applications being used in fast food industry include the following:- Point of sale system – It manages the total selling process of an outlet. This is also responsible for the formation and printing of the receipt. A typical retail food outlet POS includes a computer, receipt printer, bar-code scanner, customer display and a cash drawer. Apart from these basic requirements the system sometimes also consists of debit & credit card reader. The next application includes these cash registers are coupled with the computerized system which automatically prepares accounting reports and facilitates reordering of inventories. It also helps in tracking the internal orders and sales. The other application which is very much in use is the Customer Relationship Manage ment System. Customer relationship management (CRM) is all about managing and increasing customer relationships that can help the company to drive the costs down and increase the viability of products and services. (Anderson & Kerr, 2001, p.1-11). Data about customers like

History Of Sports In South Africa History Essay

History Of Sports In South Africa History Essay Sports in South Africa are largely separated into different parts on ethnic lines. In South Africa sports is treated as the national religion, language group as well as transcending race. In this country it is believed that sport unites the entire country. The Sport and Recreation South Africa takes the responsibility of sport in South Africa which is the national government department. The vision of this department is to create an Active and Winning nation. It focuses to provide many opportunities for South Africans to take part in sport provide fund for various codes related to sport, manage the regulatory framework etc. Sport and Recreation South Africa (SRSA) is being headed by Mr. Fikile Mbalula, who is the minister of Sport and Recreation, Mr. Gert Oosthuizen, who is the Deputy Minister of sport and Recreation, Mr. Alec Moemi who is the Director General and Ms. Sumayya Khan, Chief Operations Officer. Football in South Africa: Football is the most popular sports which is mostly liked and admired by black South Africans. Bafana Bafana is the nick name which is given to the national football team. 2010 FIFA World Cup is the first cup which is being hosted in South Africa. In order to improve conversational skills among the people, crash course is being held on important teams of the country. South African national Australian Rules football team is national team of football in South Africa. This team competed Australias best under 17 players team and made history in 2007 and also defeated Australian amateur senior team. In 2008 annual national championship was held. This team also competed Australian Football International Cup which is considered as world cup for all countries except Australia where sport is being played professionally. Cricket in South Africa: The next or the second popular sport which is liked by the South Africans is Cricket and this is the customized sport of two communities named Indian South African and Anglo- African communities. This is now being followed by people of all races. The nickname given to the National Cricket Team is The Proteas. Ashwell Prince, Loots Bosman, Hashim Amla, Charl Langeveldt, Herschelle Gibbs, Makhaya Ntini and Monde Zondeki are the non-white cricket players in South Africa. Also Afrikaners include the following players in their team AB de Villiers, Johan Botha, Albie Morkel, Dale Steyn and Morne Morkel. Herschelle Gibbs is the most dominating batsman; Jacques Kallis and Shaun Pollock are the all-rounders, bowler Makhaya Nitni reached second in ICC Player Rankings in the year 2006. Dale Steyn is ranked as the best bowlers currently. Graeme Smith, who is the captain, is also one of the dominant batsman in the world cricket. Mark Boucher who is the wicket keeper has t he world record for a great number of dismissals for wicketkeeper and he continues playing for his team. South Africa had reached the semi-finals of event in 2007 cricket world cup but it lost to Australia. Rugby Union: The famous sport among Afrikaners includes rugby union. The Springboks is the nickname which is being given to the National rugby union team. Most of the South Africans think that Rugby is origin of bursting pride, it is considered as a serious matter or it is treated as shattering disappointment. The country has played this game traditionally well on the world stage and the South Africans believe that the national team will win every game which they play. South Africa the Rugby World Cup in 1995 by defeating all blacks in the finals which is remembered as the famous sporting moment in South Africa. The Springboks became the part of New South Africa after getting training by the associations. Nelson Mandela was chosen as the president, wearing springbok jersey which was won by the whites only once, at the final of Rugby World Cup 1995. South African Golf: The country has the Best players. The country has best players in the game which includes the major winners named Bobby Locke, Ernie Els Retief Goosen, Gary Player and many others who challenge for great titles all over the world. Horse racing in South Africa: Horse Racing is also one of the popular sports which are played in South Africa. In this racing take place all around the country. Rich and long history is being enjoyed by the sports player in South Africa. The South Atlantic Yacht Race: Top international events are organized in South Africa which is the cause of satisfaction for all South Africans. The highest of this position is given to the South Atlantic Yacht Race which is originally called Cape to Rio. Currently it is called as Cape to Bahia. In the Southern hemisphere is race is the largest continent to continent yacht race. Athletics (running) in South Africa: South Africa possesses active athletic schedule and has large number of athletics who take part in contest internationally and compete for Olympic and the Paralympic games. The major events include Two Oceans Marathon and the Comrades Marathon. The 2011 World Championships in Athletics which was held in Daegu in South Korea, the team of following players Oscar Pistorius, Ofentse Mogawane, Shane Victor and Willem de Beer set the national record time of 2:59.21 seconds and finally South Africa won the silver medal in the finals with the team members Beer, victor, Mogawane and Jacob van. Also a silver medal was won by Caster Semenya in 2012 in womens 800 m Olympic Games which were held in London with the set record time of 1:57.23 seconds. Oscar Pistorius also became first double amputee sprinter in 2012 to compete the Olympic Games but did not succeeded in winning the medal. A gold and bronze medal was won by Pistorius in T44 class in Summer Paralympics in the year 2004 which was held in Athens and also won three gold medals at Summer Paralympic Games at 2008 which were held in Beijing. Also two gold medals were won by him at 2012 Paralympic Games. For 200 m and 400 m events he had also remained T43 world record holder. Gold medal was won by South African team of Zivan Smith, Pistorius, Samkelo Radebe and Arnu Fourie and Paralympic record of 4*100 m relay was set by them. Basketball: In South Africa basketball is famous sport among the youth. Basketball South Africa, the national Federation is is the youngest members of FIBA which is the global basketball governing body and was founded in 1992. Cycling: The major events include 94.7 cycle challenge and Cape Argus Cycle Race. South Africa possess powerful cycle race scene. Robert Hunter is the famous cyclist who won the stage in Tour de France in 2007. The national governing body in South Africa of cycling is CyclingSA or Cycling South Africa. Golf: South Africa is one of the largest golfing nations and has illustrious history. Golf is one of the best individual sports event in which the South Africans take part in. As compared, the South African players remain at the top level with the quantity and quantity. Bobby Locke was the first South African who won a major championship The British Open for four times in the year 1949, 1950, 1952 and 1957. Gray Player is the top famous player of golf in SA. He along with Arnold Palmer and Jack Nicklaus was dominated for world golf in 1960s and 1970s. Sailing: In South Africa, for the sport of sailing South African sailing is the national governing body which is being recognized by International Sailing Federation. Tennis: South Africa was considered as the country which had good tennis players who died away with the new administration of sport. Wayne Ferreira and Amanda Coetzer are the recent tennis players who rank among the world top ten players. Johan Kriek is the only one grand slam tournament winner in South Africa who won Australian Open in the year 1981. He won again the year 1982 but he acquired American citizenship and he played as an American in 1982. In 1984, the Australian Open Final was made by Kevin Curren. Irene Bowder Peacock, Brian Norton, Ian Vermaak, Sandra Reynoldsa, Eric Sturgess and Cliff Drysdale include other grand slam finalists in south Africa. Canoeing: In South Africa, a huge number of canoe events take place annually which are mentioned as follows: Berg River Canoe Marathon Dusi Canoe Marathon Fish River Canoe Marathon Chess: Chess is also taking major place in South Africa. Its demand is growing rapidly in this country. Some of the major events include: South African Open South African Chess Championship Mind Sports: Mind Sports South Africa was founded on 14 December 1984 and it has hosted around five world championships in following places which are as follows: Johannesburg in 1997 Cape Town in 1999 Durban in 2002 Port Elizabeth in 2007 Durban in 2012 The Mind Sports South Africa also looks after the games like Board Gaming, Figure Gaming and e Sports. Board Gaming includes Draughts, Backgammon (International, Anglo- American and Pool Checkers), Morabaraba also called as Mlabalaba, Moruba, SesothoMorabaraba. Figure Gaming Include Ancients (3000 BC to 1500 AD), Pike and Shot ( 1500 AD to 1700 AD), Horse and Musket(1700 to 1845) and World War 2( 1939 to 1945). E Sports include personal computer gaming, mobile gaming and PSP gaming. Motor Sports: Jody Schekter is Formula One World Champion in South Africa who had succeeded or triumphed for Ferrari in 1979. It had also staged Formula One Grand Prix and is also one of the host nations for A1 Grand Prix. In South Africa Motor Rallying and off road 4*4 racing vastly popular. Rugby League: Rugby League is also the famous sport in South Africa. It has four different committees, administrative boards and interests from around 40 years that made an attempt to set up the game of rugby league in this country. The English and the French expanded the game into different nations that would ensure a lucrative and glowing future. This was the first attempt and it failed as the South African public did not included this game in sport. The second attempt was made in 1960s in double act which consisted of separate factions, one was the National Rugby League and the other was the South African Rugby League. Tom Van Vollenhoven Cup is the rugby league competition which is held in South Africa. Skydiving and Parachuting: In South Africa, there are about 20 skydiving clubs and drop zones that are registered and all the clubs are connected or joined to the Parachute association of South Africa (PASA). Boxing: Jeffrey Mathebula won the title named IBF junior featherweight title in March 2012. British version of world bantamweight title was won by Willie Smith. About seventy one world champions are being produced by South Africa. One hundred and fourteen titles have been won by seventy one world champions who include thirty five titles for WBA, WBC, WBO and IBF which are the four major sanctioning bodies. In the year 1998 there were eight world champions in South Africa. Some of the major sports events include the following: Midmar Mile Three world class canoe marathons Cape Argus Pick n Pay Cycle Tour Two oceans Marathon Comrades marathon Ned bank Golf Challenge Adventure and Outdoor Sport: The adventure and outdoor sport include the following: Hiking Abseiling and Rapp jumping Horse riding and trails Bungee jumping Mountain biking Canoeing, rafting and kayaking Paragliding, hang gliding and flying Fishing Surfing, wind and kite surfing, sailing Polo Skydiving and base jumping Rock climbing Scuba diving There are number of disabled athletes in South Africa. Oscar Pistorius is the double amputee world record holder at 200m and 400 m, Natalie du Toit, who is the swimmer who became the first amputee who competed in swimming in 2008 at able bodied Olympics. A three time Xterra Triathlon world champion is Conrad Stoltz in triathlon. Also there is one multiple Ironman Champion named Raynard Tissink. The ITU World Cup winner is Hendrick de Villiers and Dan Hugo is multi-sport and Xterra star.